Rack Servers

Rack Unit
A standard server rack is 19" wide

A standard telephone rack is 23" wide

1U = 1.75 in (44.45 mm)

Half-Height Rack is generally 24U

Full-Height Rack is generally 42U


 * "A rack unit or U (less commonly, RU) is a unit of measure used to describe the height of equipment intended for mounting in a 19-inch rack or a 23-inch rack (The dimension refers to the width of the equipment mounting frame in the rack i.e. the width of the equipment that can be mounted inside the rack). One rack unit is 1.75 inches (44.45 mm) high." (Rack unit)


 * "A rack unit is a unit of measure used to describe the height of a server, network switch or other similar device mounted in a 19-inch rack or a 23-inch rack (refers to width of rack). One rack unit is 44.45 mm (1.75 in) high." (Rack unit)


 * "One rack unit is commonly designated as "1U"; similarly, 2 rack units are "2U" and so on. The size of a piece of rack mounted equipment is usually described as a number in "U". One rack unit is also sometimes referred to as "1RU"." (Rack unit)


 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_box_form_factor
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/19-inch_rack

19-inch rack
"A 19-inch rack is a standardized frame or enclosure for mounting multiple equipment modules. Each module has a front panel that is wide, including edges or ears that protrude on each side which allow the module to be fastened to the rack frame with screws.

Equipment designed to be placed in a rack is typically described as rack-mount, rack-mount instrument, a rack mounted system, a rack mount chassis, subrack, rack mountable, or occasionally simply shelf." (19-inch rack)

23-inch rack
"A 23-inch rack is used for housing telephone (primarily), computer, audio and other equipment though is less common than the 19-inch rack. The size notes the width of the faceplate for the installed equipment. The rack unit is a measure of vertical spacing and is common to both the 19 and racks." (23-inch rack)

Server Racks
Rack Solutions - Server Racks | Cabinets | Enclosures

Newegg.com - Server Racks and Cabinets

Power
PDU - Power Distribution Unit
 * Generally come in 15A and 20A

Severs use 460W, 750W or 1200W Power supplies with a stable constant usage of about 2-3A.

NEMA Connectors
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NEMA_connector

http://www.levitonproducts.com/catalog/dept_id_963.htm?sid=74C8AFF5A89107C1171B069E4465BE46&pid=1208

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/A_plug.jpg/220px-A_plug.jpg
 * NEMA 1 - (small tools) devices are two-wire non-grounding devices (hot-neutral) rated for 125 V maximum

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Electrical_outlet_with_label.jpg/220px-Electrical_outlet_with_label.jpg http://assets.twacomm.com/assets/2222281907/dept_images/996_sm.jpg http://assets.twacomm.com/assets/2222281907/dept_images/997_sm.jpg
 * NEMA 5 - (power tools and appliances) devices are three-wire grounding devices (hot-neutral-ground) rated for 125 V maximum, with the 5–15, 5–20 and 5–30 being grounded versions of the 1–15, 1–20 and 1–30, respectively.
 * The 5-20P plug has the neutral blade rotated 90° and shifted so its inner edge is approximately 1⁄2 in (12.7 mm) from the hot blade. The 5–20R receptacle may have a T-shaped neutral hole, to accept both 5–15P and 5–20P plugs.
 * NEMA L5 connectors are a series of locking connectors with a maximum specified voltage of 125 V. Supply connections are intended to be single-pole hot-neutral-ground circuits with a nominal voltage of 120 V RMS.
 * L5 have an inie

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/NEMA_6-15.gif/100px-NEMA_6-15.gif http://assets.twacomm.com/assets/2222281907/dept_images/1000_sm.jpg http://assets.twacomm.com/assets/2222281907/dept_images/1001_sm.jpg http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ULGUR7AjfV8IiM:http://gilchrist-electric.com/Images/wiringdiagrams/twistlock/l6-30.jpg&t=1
 * NEMA 6 - (dryer) devices are three-wire grounding devices (hot-hot-ground) used for 208 V and 240 V circuits and rated for 250 V maximum, with the 6–15, 6–20 and 6–30 being grounding versions of the 2–15, 2–20 and 2–30, respectively.
 * The higher-current versions are rare, with twist-locking plugs such as L6-30 or direct wiring more common.
 * NEMA L6 connectors are used with circuits with a maximum specified voltage of 250 V. Supply connections are intended to be two-pole, three wire hot-hot-ground circuit with nominal supply voltage of 240 V or 208 V depending on phase configuration. The L6 connector does not provide a neutral line.
 * L6 have an outie

IEC Connectors
C13 and C14 connectors

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/IEC60320_C13.jpg/200px-IEC60320_C13.jpg C13 female

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/IEC60320_C14.jpg/200px-IEC60320_C14.jpg C14 male

IEC 320 C13/C14 - The IEC 320 C13/C14 connectors are based on standards created by the International Electrotechnical Commission, an international standards body. The “320” refers to the number of the specification that describes power connectors. The official text of the standard is actually numbered 60320, but common vernacular usage shortens it to 320. The C13 line socket is very common in the PC and A/V industry. The mating connector for the C13 socket is the C14 plug, which is often mounted into a recessed panel or chassis on computer power supplies or power transformers. 

Sample
greenish yellow locking receptacles are NEMA L5-20R
 * clockwise - angle, small, big

blue locking receptacles NEMA L5-20R Receptacles
 * clockwise - angle, big, small

Examples
Cyber Power CPS-1220RM (20A 125V 60Hz - 400V suppressed voltage)
 * $50 on NewEgg
 * CyberPower CPS-1220RM 12 Outlets Power Strip 110Vac / 120Vac Input Voltage 15 Feet Cord Length
 * NEMA 5-20p power cord

Cooling
Cooling towers tons pairs the water-cooled chiller tons and the water-cooled condenser tons. Chiller Refrigeration Tons

A water-chiller refrigeration ton is defined as:

1 refrigeration ton = 1 TONScond = 12,000 Btu/h = 3,025.9 k Calories/h = 12,661 kJ/h

A ton is the amount of heat removed by an air conditioning system that would melt 1 ton (2000 lbs.) of ice in 24 hours:

288,000 BTU/24 hr = 12,000 BTU/hr

Source: Calculating Cooling Loads - http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/cooling-loads-d_665.html

Now that you have these two figures you need to calculate how many BTU's (British Thermal Units) your equipment puts off. Here is the formula: Repeat this for all the equipment you have, and add up the total BTUs.
 * 1) BTU/ hour = 500 (the weight of water) x GPM x Temperature Difference (delta T)

Now that you have the BTUs, lets compute the total Tons of cooling you need from a chiller. 1 Ton of cooling is 12,000 BTU/hour so...
 * 1) Tons = (BTU/hr) / (12,000)

Source: Water Chillers-- Why it means Tons to have one. - http://www.tjsnow.com/supplies/chiller.htm

Refrigeration

The unit ton is used in refrigeration and air conditioning to measure heat absorption. Prior to the introduction of mechanical refrigeration, cooling was accomplished by delivering ice. Installing one ton of refrigeration replaced the daily delivery of one ton of ice.


 * In North America, a standard ton of refrigeration is 12,000 BTU/h (3,517 W). "The heat absorption per day is approximately the heat of fusion of 1 ton of ice at 32 °F (0 °C)."[17] This is approximately the power required to melt one short ton (2,000 lb or 907 kg) of ice at 0 °C (32 °F) in 24 hours, thus representing the delivery of 1 ton of ice per day.


 * A less common usage is the power required to cool 1 long ton (2,240 lb or 1,016 kg) of water by 1 °F (0.556 °C) every 10 minutes = 13,440 BTU/h ≈ 3939 W.[18][19]

The refrigeration ton is commonly abbreviated as RT.

Source: Ton - Wikipedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ton

Other References:
 * How to determine the cooling capacity of air conditioning equipment - http://www.inspectapedia.com/aircond/aircond03.htm

Cheap Servers
Rack Servers, Rackmount Servers, Cheap Rack Servers - Geeks.com - http://www.geeks.com/products_sc.asp?cat=1248

Shipping Pallets

 * http://www.google.com/images?hl=en&expIds=17259,26443,27955&sugexp=ldymls&xhr=t&q=block+pallets&cp=9&qe=YmxvY2sgcGFs&qesig=b7y96wVoPT73YYf65HNX6w&pkc=AFgZ2tkyVD6-WjNi69ECU83qXoJyAeiMANO_gNXDIhX2wlih8mWX5hqbWul2AZJ3ImOdQpSikZmF1dZpj9xczjggX2tpmtxedQ&um=1&ie=UTF-8&source=univ&ei=a5EnTfrrCo2WsgOj3-zxBw&sa=X&oi=image_result_group&ct=title&resnum=2&sqi=2&ved=0CDoQsAQwAQ&biw=1366&bih=601
 * http://www.cratersandfreightersdc.com/itelectronics
 * http://www.uship.com/shipment/12-13-pallets-of-AAC-concrete-blocks/976559503/
 * http://www.cratersandfreighters.com/cf/home.do
 * ftp://ftp.ddnsupport.com/pub/da66ba4d/DCS9550%20Rack%20Installation%20Guide.pdf
 * ftp://ftp.ddnsupport.com/pub/da66ba4d/DCS9900_DCS9550_45U_42U_rack.pdf
 * http://blog.deadlycomputer.com/2006/09/17/458/
 * http://www.highwayfreight.com/content/Shipping%20Server%20Racks.php
 * http://www.experts-exchange.com/Hardware/Servers/Q_23976502.html
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pallet
 * http://www.buckhorninc.com/literature/pdf/2007_sections/pallet.pdf
 * http://www.buckhorninc.com/products/molded-plastic-pallets/pallets_2.asp
 * http://www.server-rack-online.com/server-rack-information.html
 * http://www.presidentenclosures.com/pricelist.php
 * http://www.rackmountsolutions.net/
 * http://www.thefreedictionary.com/skid
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skid
 * http://www.blanchford.co.uk/acatalog/Concreteb.html
 * http://www.uhaul.com/DamageCoverage/
 * http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-block-pallet.htm
 * http://www.aliexpress.com/product-gs/376787933-Block-Pallet-wholesalers.html

Keywords
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